DateTimeFromToMessage
2017-08-30 06:05:00 PM jatkins enter the chat room
2017-08-30 06:05:25 PM jatkins left the chat room
2017-09-05 12:28:10 PM 061778 enter the chat room
2017-09-05 12:28:13 PM 061778 left the chat room
2017-09-05 06:57:10 PM ashtyn enter the chat room
2017-09-05 06:58:27 PM ashtyn left the chat room
2017-09-06 03:09:45 PM cchase enter the chat room
2017-09-06 03:09:55 PM cchase left the chat room
2017-09-06 05:45:13 PM shirleym enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:45:20 PM shirleym left the chat room
2017-09-06 05:53:21 PM taras enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:53:24 PM lauriec enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:53:25 PM monac enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:53:40 PM jackieb92 enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:53:46 PM jackieb92 hi everyone!
2017-09-06 05:53:58 PM lauriec Hi ya!
2017-09-06 05:53:59 PM taras Hi y'all!
2017-09-06 05:54:12 PM debra enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:54:38 PM debra good evening all!
2017-09-06 05:55:21 PM cchase enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:55:33 PM cchase good evening everyone
2017-09-06 05:55:33 PM monac Hello anyone here
2017-09-06 05:55:43 PM monac good evening
2017-09-06 05:55:47 PM cchase yes - present
2017-09-06 05:55:52 PM lauriec Hi Mona
2017-09-06 05:56:10 PM shirleym enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:56:11 PM taras (})
2017-09-06 05:56:13 PM cchase welcome to Alzheimer's chat!
2017-09-06 05:56:24 PM shirleym Hello everyone!
2017-09-06 05:56:48 PM jackieb92 hi
2017-09-06 05:56:50 PM debra glad to be here .....
2017-09-06 05:56:50 PM cchase how are you all doing
2017-09-06 05:56:53 PM taras I am looking forward to this, mainly because I work with a few and am looking for ways to make things easier and better!
2017-09-06 05:57:05 PM cchase were any of you affected by storm?
2017-09-06 05:57:05 PM jackieb92 good i keep thinking today is tuesday because i didnt work monday!
2017-09-06 05:57:12 PM shirleym I'm doing good
2017-09-06 05:57:16 PM jackieb92 no i wasnt praying for everyone that was!
2017-09-06 05:57:23 PM julia46135 enter the chat room
2017-09-06 05:57:34 PM cchase hello julia
2017-09-06 05:57:47 PM lauriec Same, I work in a facility of 115 of all dementia/Alzheimers
2017-09-06 05:57:50 PM shirleym we may be impacted by Irma. I'm in North Carolina
2017-09-06 05:57:54 PM monac I can only be on here till around 8:30 is that okay, I am at the hosiptal where there is Wifi visiting my nephew
2017-09-06 05:57:57 PM debra no thankfully!
2017-09-06 05:57:57 PM taras I live in central TX so we had quite a bit of rain, wind and power outages :(
2017-09-06 05:58:05 PM julia46135 Hi everyone.
2017-09-06 05:58:11 PM cchase so for posting your extra credit would you all state your name and what class you are in pls??
2017-09-06 05:58:20 PM monac We are getting a lot of rain here also
2017-09-06 05:58:24 PM jackieb92 jaclyn 060617
2017-09-06 05:58:33 PM debra debra sullivan MEPAP2-Own Pace
2017-09-06 05:58:42 PM lauriec Laurie ME2080117
2017-09-06 05:58:44 PM taras Tara SchlesingerMEPAP2-060617
2017-09-06 05:58:45 PM jackieb92 im supposed to go to the outerbanks next week praying it doesnt hit!
2017-09-06 05:58:45 PM monac Mona Church MEPAP 2 07-04-17
2017-09-06 05:58:59 PM shirleym shirley moder MEPAP-2 080117
2017-09-06 05:59:12 PM julia46135 I'm in Indiana so a little dry, but my son is stationed in Pennsecola and they are talking about evacuating them to Maxwell due to Irma.
2017-09-06 05:59:34 PM julia46135 Julie Dozier MEPAP 2 080117
2017-09-06 05:59:45 PM lauriec Sorry! Laurie Carsey ME2 080117
2017-09-06 05:59:48 PM monac my sister in laws all are in Florida at Palm beach living
2017-09-06 05:59:48 PM cchase Prayerful that all are safe
2017-09-06 06:00:01 PM debra amen to that!
2017-09-06 06:00:12 PM monac thank you cchase
2017-09-06 06:00:39 PM taras Amen....Irma is looking pretty intense....
2017-09-06 06:00:43 PM jackieb92 watching it from up north, cleveland we are praying for everyone!
2017-09-06 06:00:50 PM cchase my hub has been talking about moving to Florida!!!
2017-09-06 06:01:02 PM cchase so maybe not yet
2017-09-06 06:01:17 PM debra wayyyyyy to hot and humid for me!
2017-09-06 06:01:18 PM monac same here, my husband wants to move to Florida also by next year
2017-09-06 06:01:25 PM jackieb92 to hot and humid for me too
2017-09-06 06:01:29 PM jackieb92 ill take our snow
2017-09-06 06:01:42 PM debra me too jackie!
2017-09-06 06:01:45 PM monac I love snow, no ice
2017-09-06 06:01:46 PM taras What's snow lol! I wished we could get some of that here lol!
2017-09-06 06:01:59 PM jackieb92 you can have some of clevelands lol ill share
2017-09-06 06:02:01 PM cchase ok folks...so we have moved all specialty chats to this one room ...was it easier for you all to find it??
2017-09-06 06:02:09 PM jcking enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:02:18 PM monac with a little help from a friend
2017-09-06 06:02:21 PM jackieb92 it was easy for me
2017-09-06 06:02:24 PM shirleym yes : )
2017-09-06 06:02:25 PM debra yes ....
2017-09-06 06:02:26 PM taras Yes, for me it was!!!
2017-09-06 06:02:31 PM jcking yes
2017-09-06 06:02:42 PM lauriec :D Yes
2017-09-06 06:02:46 PM cchase great...
2017-09-06 06:02:49 PM julia46135 much easier
2017-09-06 06:02:52 PM cynkarnes76 enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:02:59 PM cchase I will be sure to pass that onto Kathy
2017-09-06 06:03:12 PM cynkarnes76 Hi Sorry, having a time logging on.
2017-09-06 06:03:30 PM cchase you new arrivers - would you pls state your name and class for extra credit posting
2017-09-06 06:03:30 PM cynkarnes76 This is much easier.
2017-09-06 06:03:55 PM cynkarnes76 Cynthia Karnes ME1: 060617
2017-09-06 06:04:10 PM jcking left the chat room
2017-09-06 06:04:45 PM jcking enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:04:46 PM monac so what are we talking about tonight
2017-09-06 06:04:59 PM monac just wondering
2017-09-06 06:05:12 PM jackieb92 this is the alzhiemers chat
2017-09-06 06:05:23 PM cchase ty jackie
2017-09-06 06:05:25 PM debra yep
2017-09-06 06:05:30 PM monac great!!!!!!!
2017-09-06 06:05:30 PM cchase ok
2017-09-06 06:05:33 PM jackieb92 welcome :)
2017-09-06 06:05:43 PM cchase so do many of you work with Alzs
2017-09-06 06:05:53 PM julia46135 I do
2017-09-06 06:05:54 PM jackieb92 i work in AL so i work early stage
2017-09-06 06:06:04 PM debra some what ... end stage
2017-09-06 06:06:04 PM lauriec I work only with type of patients
2017-09-06 06:06:26 PM jcking alz and dementia
2017-09-06 06:06:34 PM shirleym I work in a skilled nursing facility with many dementia/alzheimers residents
2017-09-06 06:06:47 PM monac I do in an adult day and also I do private duty in home care on my own. I started my own in home care about 3 months ago and I love it
2017-09-06 06:06:49 PM cynkarnes76 So I know, there have been many great ideas for people with dementia/Alzheimers, but I have not been able to apply them with my one lady, who is a major fall risk and requires one on one at night, which we do not have.... She was an outdoorwoman on a farm, horseback rode, homemaker, and sewed in the past. What would you recommed?
2017-09-06 06:07:28 PM taras I work in a SNF but we have three units. I work with the more cognizant of them, but I have some that are exhibiting some early stages...
2017-09-06 06:07:35 PM monac can she still sew
2017-09-06 06:07:38 PM jcking what stage is she in?
2017-09-06 06:07:41 PM cynkarnes76 I work in Healthcare up to 45 beds with a melting pot of residents, but many later stages of dementia/Alz
2017-09-06 06:07:44 PM cchase my first advice when working with this population is to be sure you are listening to them
2017-09-06 06:08:12 PM cchase they will without knowing tell you much about how you will provide in a way that works for them
2017-09-06 06:08:22 PM taras I have learned to just "be in their world"...
2017-09-06 06:08:24 PM lauriec large lamenated pictures of farm scenes and farm animals, a stuffed horse
2017-09-06 06:08:42 PM cchase let's talk about the disease first- so as to understand them better
2017-09-06 06:08:44 PM monac sewing materials if still able to sew
2017-09-06 06:08:47 PM cynkarnes76 She wants to go home, but she can't go back to her room until her aide is ready (that could be 2 hours later)
2017-09-06 06:08:58 PM cchase then we will chat about activities
2017-09-06 06:09:01 PM cchase ready?
2017-09-06 06:09:05 PM julia46135 yup
2017-09-06 06:09:05 PM jackieb92 ready!
2017-09-06 06:09:07 PM shirleym ready
2017-09-06 06:09:09 PM taras ready!
2017-09-06 06:09:09 PM monac ready
2017-09-06 06:09:12 PM lauriec ready
2017-09-06 06:09:15 PM cynkarnes76 Ok, sorry for jumping in like that.
2017-09-06 06:09:20 PM debra ready
2017-09-06 06:09:35 PM jcking ok
2017-09-06 06:09:36 PM cchase no worries... keep the ball rolling
2017-09-06 06:09:50 PM cchase some of you know the answer - let's see
2017-09-06 06:10:19 PM lauriec left the chat room
2017-09-06 06:10:23 PM cchase how long is Alz present before it is evident you have it?
2017-09-06 06:10:36 PM cynkarnes76 years?
2017-09-06 06:10:42 PM shirleym it can be a long time
2017-09-06 06:10:45 PM debra 5-10 yrs?
2017-09-06 06:10:53 PM julia46135 up to 10 years
2017-09-06 06:11:00 PM jackieb92 15 years?
2017-09-06 06:11:04 PM lauriec enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:11:11 PM taras 10-20 years?
2017-09-06 06:11:15 PM cchase correct aprox. 10 years
2017-09-06 06:12:06 PM cchase which means that the brain is battling the disease for 10 years before someone says....hey what is going on?
2017-09-06 06:12:31 PM cchase at first - you forget something but then remember later
2017-09-06 06:12:41 PM cchase we all do that - right?
2017-09-06 06:12:50 PM debra no kidding!
2017-09-06 06:12:50 PM jcking right
2017-09-06 06:12:55 PM lauriec scary...
2017-09-06 06:12:55 PM shirleym oh yes!
2017-09-06 06:12:56 PM jackieb92 right!
2017-09-06 06:12:57 PM taras Daily!
2017-09-06 06:13:00 PM cynkarnes76 Yep, been doing that since I was born
2017-09-06 06:13:03 PM julia46135 Kinda scary thought sometimes.
2017-09-06 06:13:05 PM cchase yup!!!
2017-09-06 06:13:07 PM jackieb92 lol cyn
2017-09-06 06:13:08 PM joyful enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:13:11 PM monac very scary
2017-09-06 06:13:20 PM jackieb92 it is scary
2017-09-06 06:13:36 PM moniques enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:13:45 PM cchase then they usually start to write notes to themselves so as not to forget things
2017-09-06 06:13:53 PM jcking sad when my residents are confused and think their parents are still around.
2017-09-06 06:13:55 PM monac so what are some of the first signs of it
2017-09-06 06:13:56 PM moniques hello everyone
2017-09-06 06:14:04 PM jackieb92 my one resident does that, will right notes to herself
2017-09-06 06:14:04 PM cchase they are very good at keeping it a secret
2017-09-06 06:14:07 PM debra i do that all the time :(
2017-09-06 06:14:11 PM cynkarnes76 or they want to call their deceased husband
2017-09-06 06:14:12 PM cchase hollow monique welcome
2017-09-06 06:14:36 PM jackieb92 my one resident is so quiet you dont really know how confused she really is until she decides to talk to you
2017-09-06 06:14:39 PM cchase cynkarnes - pls remind me about that again in a minute
2017-09-06 06:14:50 PM cchase about calling their deceased
2017-09-06 06:14:57 PM taras Same jackieb!!
2017-09-06 06:14:59 PM cynkarnes76 will do
2017-09-06 06:14:59 PM monac I work with one guy that thinks I am his girlfriend and his wife is his mother and my husband is my dad
2017-09-06 06:15:03 PM cchase or saying I want to go home
2017-09-06 06:15:18 PM cchase okay so now the brain is in real trouble.
2017-09-06 06:15:20 PM cynkarnes76 that was tonight non stop
2017-09-06 06:15:23 PM jackieb92 when they do that i just go with the flow of it say they will just visit later they are busy, i never ever tell them they are gone
2017-09-06 06:15:26 PM cchase what is going on in there?
2017-09-06 06:15:30 PM jcking all mine want to go home
2017-09-06 06:15:32 PM cchase anyone know
2017-09-06 06:15:44 PM cynkarnes76 brain cells are dying
2017-09-06 06:16:08 PM debra their brain is dying .... circuits shorting
2017-09-06 06:16:14 PM julia46135 Poor brain is shrinking and dying.
2017-09-06 06:16:29 PM jackieb92 the brain dies in some spots shrinks, structures collapse
2017-09-06 06:16:32 PM lauriec the brain stops sending signals correctly to the rest of the body
2017-09-06 06:16:34 PM cchase not bad answers
2017-09-06 06:16:37 PM monac me,ory loss
2017-09-06 06:16:48 PM cchase the disease is creating plaques and tangles
2017-09-06 06:16:52 PM cchase in the brain
2017-09-06 06:17:15 PM monac It actually I believe can be a group of symptoms going on with the brain, I think
2017-09-06 06:17:22 PM cchase these nasty things get in between neurons in the brain
2017-09-06 06:17:31 PM cchase which are basically communicators
2017-09-06 06:17:34 PM taras Interesting
2017-09-06 06:17:55 PM cchase so - simply they cut off communication between neurons
2017-09-06 06:18:06 PM cchase messages are not complete
2017-09-06 06:18:33 PM cchase missing pieces of information travels to the brain
2017-09-06 06:18:53 PM cchase ok - now let's make sense of this
2017-09-06 06:19:17 PM cchase like a computer you make a word document give it a name and save it for later - right?
2017-09-06 06:19:22 PM jackieb92 right
2017-09-06 06:19:24 PM moniques ok
2017-09-06 06:19:29 PM debra yep
2017-09-06 06:19:32 PM shirleym ok
2017-09-06 06:19:34 PM monac yes
2017-09-06 06:19:41 PM taras true
2017-09-06 06:19:42 PM julia46135 yes
2017-09-06 06:19:44 PM cchase that is basically a memory that has been saved
2017-09-06 06:19:52 PM joyful ok
2017-09-06 06:19:59 PM taras gotchq
2017-09-06 06:20:10 PM cchase you can call up any memory in your files now
2017-09-06 06:20:15 PM moniques similar getting a virus in your computer?
2017-09-06 06:20:29 PM cchase but when the plaques and tangles keep the memory from being filed
2017-09-06 06:20:37 PM taras I love the computer reference!!
2017-09-06 06:20:43 PM cchase in the first place so it cannot be found
2017-09-06 06:21:03 PM cchase it can no longer be saved
2017-09-06 06:21:09 PM joyful sad'
2017-09-06 06:21:10 PM julia46135 If I save it in the right spot, sometimes I put files in wrong spot lol
2017-09-06 06:21:17 PM cchase new memories = short term memory
2017-09-06 06:21:31 PM cchase but old memories
2017-09-06 06:21:31 PM debra so it happens right at the beginning then? nothing is saved?
2017-09-06 06:21:43 PM cchase were saved before the disease
2017-09-06 06:21:48 PM jackieb92 so what they learn first they remember last
2017-09-06 06:21:56 PM cchase so they were saved and are still there
2017-09-06 06:22:01 PM debra good jackie
2017-09-06 06:22:15 PM taras That makes sense.....
2017-09-06 06:22:20 PM cchase nothing gets saved at the point that plaques and tangles are real bad
2017-09-06 06:22:49 PM moniques its to the point they are not responsive ?
2017-09-06 06:22:50 PM monac very interesting
2017-09-06 06:22:52 PM cchase have you heard the seniors talk about themselves and memories of childhood?
2017-09-06 06:22:58 PM moniques yes
2017-09-06 06:22:58 PM jackieb92 yep
2017-09-06 06:23:00 PM taras Sure
2017-09-06 06:23:03 PM debra often
2017-09-06 06:23:03 PM julia46135 all the time
2017-09-06 06:23:04 PM monac yes all the time
2017-09-06 06:23:04 PM lauriec yes
2017-09-06 06:23:05 PM shirleym yes
2017-09-06 06:23:06 PM cchase way before that monique
2017-09-06 06:23:08 PM jcking yes, have seen it
2017-09-06 06:23:14 PM cchase those are old memories
2017-09-06 06:23:27 PM cchase they were stored before the disease got bad
2017-09-06 06:23:39 PM cchase old memories- long term memory
2017-09-06 06:23:57 PM cchase so what now...
2017-09-06 06:24:02 PM taras This is incredibly enlightening!
2017-09-06 06:24:02 PM cchase we adapt
2017-09-06 06:24:06 PM cchase right?
2017-09-06 06:24:09 PM monac so recent memories would be short term memories
2017-09-06 06:24:12 PM moniques i have a resident who continues to say she lives upstairs. Do they get trigger by something they see to think that way?
2017-09-06 06:24:14 PM debra right
2017-09-06 06:24:22 PM cchase how do we do this?
2017-09-06 06:24:33 PM cynkarnes76 especially when they say they are 9 years old or some similar reference
2017-09-06 06:24:34 PM julia46135 yes they do, old memories overlap with whats going on around them currently
2017-09-06 06:24:38 PM cchase how do we translate a world without memory
2017-09-06 06:24:56 PM joyful you can't
2017-09-06 06:25:08 PM cchase but we do
2017-09-06 06:25:13 PM monac pictures
2017-09-06 06:25:16 PM moniques create a routine
2017-09-06 06:25:17 PM lauriec thats what causes confusion
2017-09-06 06:25:24 PM moniques reminesce
2017-09-06 06:25:30 PM cchase yup - bingo laurie
2017-09-06 06:25:40 PM jackieb92 have them live in the moment try not to upset them
2017-09-06 06:25:42 PM cchase we develop our other senses
2017-09-06 06:25:56 PM debra ahhhh yes....
2017-09-06 06:26:02 PM jcking bingo?
2017-09-06 06:26:16 PM cynkarnes76 bingo is ok for awhile
2017-09-06 06:26:28 PM cchase there is one sense that seems to stay together till near the end stage...what is it?
2017-09-06 06:26:38 PM debra taste
2017-09-06 06:26:40 PM shirleym smell?
2017-09-06 06:26:41 PM cynkarnes76 touch
2017-09-06 06:26:42 PM monac hear
2017-09-06 06:26:43 PM lauriec hearing
2017-09-06 06:26:44 PM joyful smell
2017-09-06 06:26:45 PM moniques my residents have a set schedule they are accustom to
2017-09-06 06:26:46 PM cchase maybe not sense but something we all use everyday
2017-09-06 06:26:59 PM cchase EMOTIONS
2017-09-06 06:27:09 PM cchase they use emotions to communicate
2017-09-06 06:27:10 PM moniques sound
2017-09-06 06:27:10 PM monac wow
2017-09-06 06:27:15 PM taras WOW!! I have never thought of that!
2017-09-06 06:27:21 PM jackieb92 thats a good one
2017-09-06 06:27:27 PM cynkarnes76 and they can easily feed off our emotions
2017-09-06 06:27:28 PM taras But it makes perfect sense to me!!
2017-09-06 06:27:29 PM cchase they feel angry and are angry but the brain cannot tell them why
2017-09-06 06:27:39 PM debra awesome! makes perfect sense!
2017-09-06 06:27:47 PM cchase yes- they feel YOUR EMOTIONS
2017-09-06 06:27:54 PM julia46135 that's why they have behaviors at times, they are trying to communicate in the only way they know how to
2017-09-06 06:27:56 PM shirleym so interesting!
2017-09-06 06:28:05 PM jackieb92 thats why even though they cant always tell us how they feel, they are very aware of what is going on around them, even our emotions
2017-09-06 06:28:07 PM cchase yup behaviors and such
2017-09-06 06:28:07 PM cynkarnes76 like a young child
2017-09-06 06:28:17 PM joyful that's why some devolop behaviors?
2017-09-06 06:28:21 PM cchase like a child but always remember that they are adults
2017-09-06 06:28:30 PM jcking left the chat room
2017-09-06 06:28:35 PM debra absolutely
2017-09-06 06:28:35 PM cchase they are just using what ever they do have
2017-09-06 06:28:48 PM monac for sure
2017-09-06 06:28:52 PM cchase so you know this - use it
2017-09-06 06:28:59 PM jcking enter the chat room
2017-09-06 06:29:04 PM monac I will be using for sure
2017-09-06 06:29:10 PM cchase you cannot reason with them - the brain cannot undersstand
2017-09-06 06:29:11 PM shirleym great info!!
2017-09-06 06:29:17 PM debra yes
2017-09-06 06:29:19 PM cchase SMILE
2017-09-06 06:29:33 PM cchase look at them eye to eye
2017-09-06 06:29:35 PM cynkarnes76 I see some staff argue, and I am like silently NO!!!
2017-09-06 06:29:41 PM moniques i agree.
2017-09-06 06:29:41 PM cchase send a message that you care about them
2017-09-06 06:29:44 PM monac I think disagreeing is the wrong and worst thing to do
2017-09-06 06:29:45 PM jackieb92 i tell my staff not to argue
2017-09-06 06:29:47 PM taras Absolutely!!!! So glad to know this
2017-09-06 06:29:53 PM moniques @cynkarnes all the time
2017-09-06 06:29:56 PM jackieb92 it doesnt help and makes them more angry
2017-09-06 06:30:04 PM cchase never, never, never disagree - you will lose
2017-09-06 06:30:19 PM cchase they get more fustrated with you
2017-09-06 06:30:21 PM cynkarnes76 And I believe its not good to have too many staff around a resident that is angry
2017-09-06 06:30:32 PM joyful What do you do when they are so anxious?
2017-09-06 06:30:33 PM julia46135 I never have understoon why some people insist on reorienting them when it causes more distress to them
2017-09-06 06:30:34 PM jcking sometimes I can diffuse their anger, sometimes not
2017-09-06 06:30:41 PM cchase correct cynkarnes - one on one when approaching
2017-09-06 06:30:49 PM cchase when more - they feel attacked
2017-09-06 06:30:53 PM moniques it happen to a cna and he was so upset he through a chair across the room
2017-09-06 06:31:06 PM cchase diffuse anger by redirecting
2017-09-06 06:31:10 PM moniques threw*\
2017-09-06 06:31:12 PM jcking it does seem to help if a different person intervenes
2017-09-06 06:31:27 PM cchase use that they have short memory
2017-09-06 06:31:30 PM moniques THe staff was able to fix the situation. \
2017-09-06 06:31:32 PM cynkarnes76 we need more dementia training for our staff.....
2017-09-06 06:31:38 PM taras I had one throw coffee at a cna....I walked in on it and didn't see the whole thing, but apparently there was a nurse and the cna trying to redirect....
2017-09-06 06:31:44 PM cchase redirect so as they forget the emotion of being upset
2017-09-06 06:32:03 PM moniques that works.
2017-09-06 06:32:22 PM cynkarnes76 I also, purposely pick up anything on the tables, like the CNAs iPads that could be used as a weapon (and has been)
2017-09-06 06:32:35 PM jackieb92 if one of my residents gets very upset, i try to ask her to say a rosary or something she rly likes to take her mind off of it, usually works for me
2017-09-06 06:32:40 PM monac so redirect the participant to something else
2017-09-06 06:32:52 PM jackieb92 or she will fold towels for me something to that affect
2017-09-06 06:32:54 PM cchase good jackie - that is redirection